In a world where the possibility of new pandemics persists, the echoes of history become especially striking. As we grapple with the aftermath of Covid-19 and heed warnings from the World Health Organisation about potential future threats, it’s intriguing to delve into the notorious Black Death – a classical plague that swept through Europe, claiming 30-60 per cent of lives and leaving an indelible mark on the course of global history.
Let’s explore a unique perspective on the Black Death through the microscopic lens of ancient British oral microbiomes. Uncovering ancient secrets within our oral microbiomes – microscopic communities of bacteria, fungi, and viruses – this diverse world influences health, digestion, and more.
A ground-breaking study explores the impact of the Second Plague Pandemic on these tiny but powerful inhabitants. Penn State anthropology professor Laura Weyrich delves into their historical origins, connecting the dots between microbiomes and modern health challenges.
Unlike previous studies relying on present-day indigenous populations, Weyrich’s team delved into preserved oral microbiomes from archaeological sites in England and Scotland (2,200BC to 1853AD). This Nature Microbiology-published research identified 954 microbial species, categorising them into two communities: Streptococcus and Methanobrevibacter.
Temporal changes, including the Second Plague Pandemic, accounted for 11pc of microbiome variation. Survivors, experiencing improved incomes and dietary shifts, potentially influenced their oral microbiomes. Streptococcus, linked to modern diets, showed traits of low-fibre, high-carb, and dairy consumption. Methanobrevibacter, tied to ancient diets, lacked traits associated with dairy and sugar consumption.
Beyond diet, the Streptococcus group hinted at links to periodontal disease, respiratory issues, arthritis, cardiovascular problems, and diabetes. Meanwhile, the Methanobrevibacter group revealed connections to skeletal pathologies.
In essence, this research proposes that today’s oral microbiomes echo dietary shifts triggered by the Second Plague Pandemic, unravelling deeper insights into modern chronic diseases and the intricate dance between diets, microbial communities, and human health.
In this microbial time-travel, it seems our oral microbiomes have been on a rollercoaster ride, influenced by plagues and dietary dramas. Who knew that our ancestors’ menu choices would impact the Streptococcus and Methanobrevibacter communities like a culinary soap opera?
So, the next time you savour a snack, remember you’re not just feeding yourself, you’re hosting a microscopic dinner party for Strepto and Methano.
Cheers to the quirks of microbial history, and may your oral microbiomes always have a good sense of humour!
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